Obstetric complications and age-related changes in brain morphology in schizophrenia

References

1. • Andreasen NC
   • Olsen SA
   • Dennert W
   • et al.
   Ventricular enlargement in schizophrenia: Relationship to positive and negative symptoms.
   Am J Psychiatry. 1982; 139: 297-302
   • Google Scholar
2. • Andreasen NC
   • Swayze VW
   • Flaum M
   • et al.
   Ventricular enlargement in schizophrenia evaluated with computed tomographic scanning: Effects of gender, age, and stage of illness.
   Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1990; 47: 1008-1015
   • Google Scholar
3. • Bilder RM
   • Wu H
   • Bogerts B
   • et al.
   Absence of regional hemispheric volume asymmetries in first-episode schizophrenia.
   Am J Psychiatry. 1994; 151: 1437-1447
   • Google Scholar
4. • Bogerts B
   The neuropathology of schizophrenia: Pathophysiological and neurodevelopmental implications.
   in: Mednick SA Cannon TD Fetal Neural Development and Adult Schizophrenia. Cambridge University Press, New York1991: 153-173
   • Google Scholar
5. • Bogerts B
   • Ashtari M
   • Degreef G
   • et al.
   Reduced temporal limbic structure volumes on magnetic resonance images in first episode schizophrenia.
   Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging. 1990; 35: 1-13
   • Google Scholar
6. • Bornstein RA
   • Schwarzkopf SC
   • Olsen SC
   • et al.
   Third ventricle enlargement and neuropsychological deficit in schizophrenia.
   Biol Psychiatry. 1992; 31: 954-961
   • Google Scholar
7. • Boronow J
   • Pickar D
   • Ninan PT
   • et al.
   Atrophy limited to the third ventricle in chronic schizophrenic patients: Report of a controlled series.
   Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1985; 42: 266-270
   • Google Scholar
8. • Buckman TD
   • Kling AS
   • Eiduson S
   • et al.
   Glutathione peroxidase and CT scan abnormalities in schizophrenia.
   Biol Psychiatry. 1987; 22: 1349-1356
   • Google Scholar
9. • Cannon TD
   The possible neurodevelopmental significance of structural imaging findings in schizophrenia.
   in: Mednick SA Cannon TD Developmental Neuropathology of Schizophrenia. Plenum Press, Cambridge, England1991: 149-166
   • Google Scholar
10. • Cannon TD
    • Mednick SA
    • Parnas J
    Genetic and perinatal determinants of structural brain deficits in schizophrenia.
    Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1989; 46: 883-889
    • Google Scholar
11. • Degreef G
    • Ashtari M
    • Bogerts B
    • et al.
    Volumes of ventricular system subdivisions measured from magnetic resonance images in first-episode schizophrenic patients.
    Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1992; 49: 531-537
    • Google Scholar
12. • DeLisi LE
    • Goldin LR
    • Hamovit JR
    • et al.
    A family study of the association of increased ventricular size with schizophrenia.
    Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1986; 43: 148-156
    • Google Scholar
13. • DeLisi LE
    • Hoff AL
    • Schwartz JE
    • et al.
    Brain morphology in first-episode schizophreniclike psychotic patients: A quantitative magnetic resonance imaging study.
    Biol Psychiatry. 1991; 29: 159-175
    • Google Scholar
14. • DeLisi LE
    • Stritzke P
    • Riodan H
    • et al.
    The timing of brain morphological changes in schizophrenia and their relationship to clinical outcome.
    Biol Psychiatry. 1992; 31: 241-254
    • Google Scholar
15. • DeLisi LE
    • Hoff AL
    • Neale C
    • et al.
    Asymmetries of the superior temporal lobe in male and female first-episode schizophrenic patients: Measures of the planum temporale and superior temporal gyrus by MRI.
    Schizophr Res. 1994; 12: 19-28
    • Google Scholar
16. • DeLisi LE
    • Tew W
    • Xie S
    • et al.
    A prospective follow-up study of brain morphology and cognition in first-episode schizophrenic patients: Preliminary findings.
    Biol Psychiatry. 1995; 38: 349-360
    • Google Scholar
17. • Farmer A
    • Jackson R
    • McGuffin P
    • et al.
    Cerebral ventricular enlargement in chronic schizophrenia: Consistencies and contradictions.
    Br J Psychiatry. 1987; 150: 324-330
    • Google Scholar
18. • Harvey I
    • Ron MA
    • DuBoulay G
    • et al.
    Reduction in cortical volume in schizophrenia on magnetic resonance imaging.
    Psychol Med. 1993; 23: 591-604
    • Google Scholar
19. • Hoff AL
    • Neal C
    • Kushner M
    • et al.
    Gender differences in corpus callosum size in first-episode schizophrenics.
    Biol Psychiatry. 1994; 35: 913-919
    • Google Scholar
20. • Honer WG
    • Bassett AS
    • Smith GN
    • et al.
    Temporal lobe abnormalities in multigenerational families with schizophrenia.
    Biol Psychiatry. 1994; 36: 737-743
    • Google Scholar
21. • Honer WG
    • Smith GN
    • Lapointe JS
    • et al.
    Regional cortical anatomy and clozapine response in refractory schizophrenia.
    Neuropsychopharmacology. 1995; 13: 85-87
    • Google Scholar
22. • Iacono WG
    • Smith GN
    • Moreau M
    • et al.
    Ventricular and sulcal size at the onset of psychosis.
    Am J Psychiatry. 1988; 145: 820-824
    • Google Scholar
23. • Kaplan MJ
    • Lazoff M
    • Kelly K
    • et al.
    Enlargement of the cerebral third ventricle in psychotic patients with delayed response to neuroleptics.
    Biol Psychiatry. 1990; 27: 205-214
    • Google Scholar
24. • Kemali D
    • Maj M
    • Galderisi S
    • et al.
    Ventricle-to-brain ratio in schizophrenia: A controlled follow-up study.
    Biol Psychiatry. 1989; 26: 756-759
    • Google Scholar
25. • Klausner JD
    • Sweeney JA
    • Deck MDF
    • et al.
    Clinical correlates of cerebral ventricular enlargement in schizophrenia: Further evidence for frontal lobe disease.
    J Nerv Ment Disease. 1992; 180: 407-412
    • Google Scholar
26. • Lewine RRJ
    • Hudgins P
    • Brown F
    • et al.
    Differences in qualitative brain morphology findings in schizophrenia, major depression, bipolar disorder and normal controls.
    Schizophr Res. 1995; 15: 253-259
    • Google Scholar
27. • Lewis SW
    • Murray RM
    • Owen MJ
    Obstetric complications in schizophrenia: Methodology and mechanisms.
    in: Schulz SC Tamminga CA Schizophrenia: Scientific Progress. Oxford University Press, New York1989: 56-68
    • Google Scholar
28. • Losonczy MF
    • Song IS
    • Mohs RC
    • et al.
    Correlates of lateral ventricular size in schizophrenia: I. Behavioral and treatment response measures.
    Am J Psychiatry. 1986; 143: 976-981
    • Google Scholar
29. • MacDonald HL
    • Best JJK
    The Scottish first episode study: IV. Computerized tomographic brain scans in patients and controls.
    Br J Psychiatry. 1989; 154: 492-498
    • Google Scholar
30. • Marsh L
    • Suddath RL
    • Higgins N
    • et al.
    Medial temporal lobe structures in schizophrenia: Relationship of size to duration of illness.
    Schizophr Res. 1994; 11: 225-238
    • Google Scholar
31. • McNeil TF
    Obstetric factors and perinatal injuries.
    in: Tsuang MT Simpson JR Handbook of Schizophrenia, Volume 3: Nosology, Epidemiology, and Genetics. Elsevier Science Publishers, New York1988: 319-344
    • Google Scholar
32. • McNeil TF
    • Sjöström K
    The McNeil-Sjöström OC Scale: A Comprehensive Scale for Measuring Obstetric Complications.
    Department of Psychiatry, Lund University, New York1994
    • Google Scholar
33. • Naber D
    • Albus M
    • Burke H
    • et al.
    Neuroleptic withdrawal in chronic schizophrenia: CT and endocrine variables relating to psychopathology.
    Psychiatry Res. 1985; 16: 207-219
    • Google Scholar
34. • Nyback H
    • Wiesel FA
    • Berrgren BM
    • et al.
    Computed tomography of the brain in patients with acute psychosis and in healthy volunteers.
    Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1982; 65: 403-414
    • Google Scholar
35. • O'Callaghan E
    • Buckley P
    • Redmond O
    • et al.
    Abnormalities in cerebral structure in schizophrenia on magnetic resonance imaging: Interpretation in relation to the neurodevelopmental hypothesis.
    J R Soc Med. 1992; 85: 227-231
    • Google Scholar
36. • Owen MJ
    • Lewis SW
    • Murray RM
    Obstetric complications and schizophrenia: A computed tomographic study.
    Psychol Med. 1988; 18: 331-339
    • Google Scholar
37. • Pearlson GD
    • Kim WS
    • Kubos KL
    • et al.
    Ventricle-brain ratio, computed tomographic density, and brain area in 50 schizophrenics.
    Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1989; 46: 690-697
    • Google Scholar
38. • Pfefferbaum A
    • Zipursky RB
    • Lim KO
    • et al.
    Computed tomographic evidence for generalized sulcal and ventricular enlargement in schizophrenia.
    Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1988; 45: 633-640
    • Google Scholar
39. • Rossi A
    • Stratta P
    • DeCataldo S
    • et al.
    Cortical and subcortical computed tomographic study in schizophrenia.
    J Psychiatr Res. 1988; 22: 99-105
    • Google Scholar
40. • Rossi A
    • Stratta P
    • Gallucci M
    • et al.
    Brain morphology in schizophrenia by magnetic resonance imaging.
    Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1988; 77: 741-745
    • Google Scholar
41. • Rubin P
    • Karle A
    • Moller-Madsen S
    • et al.
    Computerized tomography in newly diagnosed schizophrenia and schizophreniform disorder: A controlled blind study.
    Br J Psychiatry. 1993; 163: 604-612
    • Google Scholar
42. • Schaepfer TE
    • Harris GJ
    • Tien AY
    • et al.
    Decreased regional cortical gray matter volume in schizophrenia.
    Am J Psychiatry. 1994; 151: 842-848
    • Google Scholar
43. • Schulsinger F
    • Parnas J
    • Petersen ET
    • et al.
    Cerebral ventricular size in the offspring of schizophrenic mothers: A preliminary study.
    Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1984; 41: 602-606
    • Google Scholar
44. • Schulz SC
    • Koller MM
    • Kishore PR
    • et al.
    Ventricular enlargement in teenage patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder.
    Am J Psychiatry. 1983; 140: 1592-1595
    • Google Scholar
45. • Schwartzkopf SB
    • Olsen SC
    • Coffman JA
    • et al.
    Third and lateral ventricular volumes in schizophrenia: Support for progressive enlargement of both structures.
    Psychopharmacol Bull. 1990; 26: 385-391
    • Google Scholar
46. • Shelton RC
    • Carson CN
    • Doran AR
    • et al.
    Cerebral structural pathology in schizophrenia: Evidence for a selective prefrontal cortical defect.
    Am J Psychiatry. 1988; 145: 154-163
    • Google Scholar
47. • Smith GN
    • MacEwan GW
    • Ancill RJ
    • et al.
    Diagnostic confusion in treatment-refractory psychotic patients.
    J Clin Psychiatry. 1992; 53: 197-200
    • Google Scholar
48. • Smith GN
    • Honer WG
    • Kopala L
    • et al.
    Obstetric complications and severity of illness in schizophrenia.
    Schizophr Res. 1994; 14: 113-120
    • Google Scholar
49. • Spitzer RL
    Psychiatric diagnosis: Are clinicians still necessary?.
    Comp Psychiatry. 1983; 24: 399-411
    • Google Scholar
50. • Stafford JL
    • Albert MS
    • Naeser MA
    • et al.
    Age-related differences in computed tomographic scan measurements.
    Arch Neurol. 1988; 45: 409-415
    • Google Scholar
51. • Turner SW
    • Toone BK
    • Brett-Jones JR
    Computerized scan changes in early schizophrenia.
    Psychol Med. 1986; 16: 219-225
    • Google Scholar
52. • Weinberger DR
    • DeLisi LE
    • Perman GP
    • et al.
    Computed tomography in schizophreniform disorder.
    Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1982; 39: 778-783
    • Google Scholar
53. • Wilms G
    • Vanongeval C
    • Baert AL
    • et al.
    Ventricular enlargement, clinical correlates and treatment outcome in chronic schizophrenia.
    Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1991; 85: 306-312
    • Google Scholar
54. • Woods BT
    • Yugelun-Todd D
    • Benes FM
    • et al.
    Progressive ventricular enlargement in schizophrenia: Comparison to bipolar affective disorder and correlation with clinical course.
    Biol Psychiatry. 1990; 27: 341-352
    • Google Scholar