Abstract
Background
Shape analyses of patients with schizophrenia have revealed bilateral deformations
of the anterolateral hippocampus, primarily localized to the CA1 subfield. Incomplete
hippocampal inversion (IHI), an anatomical variant of the human hippocampus resulting
from an arrest during neurodevelopment, is more prevalent and severe in patients with
schizophrenia. We hypothesized that IHI would affect the shape of the hippocampus
and contribute to hippocampal shape differences in schizophrenia.
Methods
We studied 199 patients with schizophrenia and 161 healthy control participants with
structural magnetic resonance imaging to measure the prevalence and severity of IHI.
High-fidelity hippocampal surface reconstructions were generated with the SPHARM-PDM
toolkit. We used general linear models in SurfStat to test for group shape differences,
the impact of IHI on hippocampal shape variation, and whether IHI contributes to hippocampal
shape abnormalities in schizophrenia.
Results
Not including IHI as a main effect in our between-group comparison replicated well-established
hippocampal shape differences in patients with schizophrenia localized to the CA1
subfield in the anterolateral hippocampus. Shape differences were also observed near
the uncus and hippocampal tail. IHI was associated with outward displacements of the
dorsal and ventral surfaces of the hippocampus and inward displacements of the medial
and lateral surfaces. Including IHI as a main effect in our between-group comparison
eliminated the bilateral shape differences in the CA1 subfield. Shape differences
in the uncus persisted after including IHI.
Conclusions
IHI impacts hippocampal shape. Our results suggest IHI as a neurodevelopmental mechanism
for the well-known shape differences, particularly in the CA1 subfield, in schizophrenia.
Keywords
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Article Info
Publication History
Published online: February 23, 2022
Accepted:
February 16,
2022
Received in revised form:
February 9,
2022
Received:
October 29,
2021
Identification
Copyright
© 2022 Society of Biological Psychiatry.
