Abstract
Background
The ability to stop a suboptimal response is integral to decision making and is commonly
impaired across psychiatric disorders. Cortical paired associative stimulation (cPAS)
is a form of transcranial magnetic stimulation in which paired pulses can induce plasticity
at cortical synapses. Here we used cPAS protocols to target cortico-cortical and cortico-subcortical
networks by using different intervals between the paired pulses in an attempt to modify
response inhibition.
Methods
A total of 25 healthy volunteers underwent four cPAS sessions in random order 1 week
apart: right inferior frontal cortex (IFC) stimulation preceding right presupplementary
motor area (pre-SMA) stimulation by 10 or 4 ms and pre-SMA stimulation preceding IFC
stimulation by 10 or 4 ms. Subjects were tested on the stop signal task along with
the delay discounting task as control at baseline (randomized across sessions and
cPAS protocol) and after each cPAS session.
Results
The stop signal reaction time showed a main effect of cPAS condition when controlling
for age (F3,57 = 4.05, p = .01). Younger subjects had greater impairments in response inhibition when the
pre-SMA pulse preceded the IFC pulse by 10 ms. In older individuals, response inhibition
improved when the IFC pulse preceded the pre-SMA pulse by 4 ms. There were no effects
on delay discounting.
Conclusions
cPAS modified response inhibition through age-dependent long-term potentiation and
depression-like plasticity mechanisms via putative cortico-cortical and cortico-subcortical
networks. We show for the first time the capacity for cPAS to modify a cognitive process
highly relevant to psychiatric disorders.
Keywords
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Article Info
Publication History
Published online: April 02, 2018
Accepted:
March 23,
2018
Received in revised form:
March 22,
2018
Received:
January 17,
2018
Identification
Copyright
© 2018 Published by Elsevier Inc on behalf of Society of Biological Psychiatry.
