Abstract
Background
Prediction and prevention of psychosis have become major research topics. Clinical
approaches warrant objective biological parameters to enhance validity in prediction
of psychosis onset. In this regard, event-related potentials (ERPs) have been identified
as promising tools for improving psychosis prediction.
Methods
Herein, the focus is on sensory gating, mismatch negativity (MMN) and P300, thereby
discussing which parameters allow for a timely and valid detection of future converters
to psychosis. In a first step, we systematically reviewed the studies that resulted
from a search of the MEDLINE database. In a second step, we performed a meta-analysis
of those investigations reporting transitions that statistically compared ERPs in
converting versus nonconverting subjects.
Results
Sensory gating, MMN, and P300 have been demonstrated to be impaired in subjects clinically
at risk of developing a psychotic disorder. In the meta-analysis, duration MMN achieved
the highest effect size measures.
Conclusions
In summary, MMN studies have produced the most convincing results until now, including
independent replication of the predictive validity. However, a synopsis of the literature
revealed a relative paucity of ERP studies addressing the psychosis risk state. Considering
the high clinical relevance of valid psychosis prediction, future research should
question for the most informative paradigms and should allow for meta-analytic evaluation
with regard to specificity and sensitivity of the most appropriate parameters.
Keywords
To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
Purchase one-time access:
Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online accessOne-time access price info
- For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
- For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'
Subscribe:
Subscribe to Biological PsychiatryAlready a print subscriber? Claim online access
Already an online subscriber? Sign in
Register: Create an account
Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect
References
- Sensory processing in schizophrenia: Neither simple nor intact.Schizophr Bull. 2009; 35: 1059-1064
- Chances and risks of predicting psychosis.Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2012; 262: S85-S90
- The psychosis high-risk state: A comprehensive state-of-the-art review.JAMA Psychiatry. 2013; 70: 107-120
- Neurophysiological alterations in the prepsychotic phases.Curr Pharm Des. 2012; 18: 479-485
- Mismatch negativity as a ‘translatable’ brain marker toward early intervention for psychosis: A review.Front Psychiatry. 2013; 4: 115
- Electrophysiological and neuropsychological predictors of conversion to schizophrenia in at-risk subjects.Front Behav Neurosci. 2013; 7: 148
- Prediction of psychosis in adolescents and young adults at high risk: Results from the prospective European prediction of psychosis study.Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2010; 67: 241-251
- Predicting psychosis: Meta-analysis of transition outcomes in individuals at high clinical risk.Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2012; 69: 220-229
- Probably at-risk, but certainly ill--advocating the introduction of a psychosis spectrum disorder in DSM-V.Schizophr Res. 2010; 120: 23-37
- Use of neuroanatomical pattern classification to identify subjects in at-risk mental states of psychosis and predict disease transition.Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2009; 66: 700-712
- Prediction of psychosis by mismatch negativity.Biol Psychiatry. 2011; 69: 959-966
- Prediction and prevention of schizophrenia: What has been achieved and where to go next?.World Psychiatry. 2011; 10: 165-174
- Which perspectives can endophenotypes and biological markers offer in the early recognition of schizophrenia?.J Neural Transm. 2007; 114: 1199-1215
- EEG spectral power and negative symptoms in at-risk individuals predict transition to psychosis.Schizophr Res. 2010; 123: 208-216
- Automatic auditory processing deficits in schizophrenia and clinical high-risk patients: Forecasting psychosis risk with mismatch negativity.Biol Psychiatry. 2014; 75: 459-469
- Meta-analysis of the P300 and P50 waveforms in schizophrenia.Schizophr Res. 2004; 70: 315-329
- Mismatch negativity in schizophrenia: A meta-analysis.Schizophr Res. 2005; 76: 1-23
- Sensory gating in schizophrenia: P50 and N100 gating in antipsychotic-free subjects at risk, first-episode, and chronic patients.Biol Psychiatry. 2008; 64: 376-384
- Neurophysiological endophenotypes of schizophrenia: The viability of selected candidate measures.Schizophr Bull. 2007; 33: 69-94
- Central auditory dysfunction in schizophrenia as revealed by the mismatch negativity (MMN) and its magnetic equivalent MMNm: A review.Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2009; 12: 125-135
- The mismatch negativity: A review of underlying mechanisms.Clin Neurophysiol. 2009; 120: 453-463
- Deviant matters: Duration, frequency, and intensity deviants reveal different patterns of mismatch negativity reduction in early and late schizophrenia.Biol Psychiatry. 2008; 63: 58-64
- Neurophysiological endophenotypes across bipolar and schizophrenia psychosis.Schizophr Bull. 2008; 34: 760-773
- Subjective symptoms of schizophrenia in research and the clinic: The basic symptom concept.Schizophr Bull. 2009; 35: 5-8
- Validation of “prodromal” criteria to detect individuals at ultra high risk of psychosis: 2 year follow-up.Schizophr Res. 2008; 105: 10-17
- P50 sensory gating in adolescents from a pacific island isolate with elevated risk for schizophrenia.Biol Psychiatry. 2004; 55: 663-667
- P50 suppression in individuals at risk for schizophrenia: The convergence of clinical, familial, and vulnerability marker risk assessment.Biol Psychiatry. 2005; 57: 1504-1509
- Sensory gating in subjects at ultra high risk for developing a psychosis before and after a first psychotic episode [published online ahead of print June 26].World J Biol Psychiatry. 2012;
- Duration mismatch negativity and P3a in first-episode psychosis and individuals at ultra-high risk of psychosis.Biol Psychiatry. 2012; 71: 98-104
- Impaired mismatch negativity generation in prodromal subjects and patients with schizophrenia.Schizophr Res. 2005; 73: 297-310
- Auditory event-related potential of subjects with suspected pre-psychotic state and first-episode psychosis.Schizophr Res. 2012; 140: 243-249
- Automatic sensory information processing abnormalities across the illness course of schizophrenia.Psychol Med. 2012; 42: 85-97
- Reduced mismatch negativity predates the onset of psychosis.Schizophr Res. 2012; 134: 42-48
- Mismatch negativity and cognitive performance for the prediction of psychosis in subjects with at-risk mental state.PLoS One. 2013; 8: e54080
- Auditory P300 in individuals clinically at risk for psychosis.Int J Psychophysiol. 2008; 70: 192-205
- Reduction of auditory event-related P300 amplitude in subjects with at-risk mental state for schizophrenia.Schizophr Res. 2008; 105: 272-278
- Auditory ERP components before and after transition to a first psychotic episode.Biol Psychol. 2011; 87: 350-357
- Reduced parietal P300 amplitude is associated with an increased risk for a first psychotic episode.Biol Psychiatry. 2010; 68: 642-648
- Basic disturbances of information processing in psychosis prediction.Front Psychiatry. 2013; 4: 93
- Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions, Version 5.1.0.The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011 (Available at: www.cochrane.org. Accessed November 2014)
- Mismatch negativity is a breakthrough biomarker for understanding and treating psychotic disorders.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013; 110: 15175-15176
- In search of psychosis biomarkers in high-risk populations: Is the mismatch negativity the one we’ve been waiting for?.Biol Psychiatry. 2012; 71: 94-95
- Psychosis prediction: Stratification of risk estimation with information-processing and premorbid functioning variables.Schizophr Bull. 2014; 40: 1482-1490
- How human electrophysiology informs psychopharmacology: From bottom-up driven processing to top-down control.Neuropsychopharmacology. 2011; 36: 26-51
- A multivariate electrophysiological endophenotype, from a unitary cohort, shows greater research utility than any single feature in the Western Australian family study of schizophrenia.Biol Psychiatry. 2006; 60: 1-10
- Identifying a multivariate endophenotype for substance use disorders using psychophysiological measures.Int J Psychophysiol. 2000; 38: 81-96
- Effects of deviant probability on the ‘optimal’ multi-feature mismatch negativity (MMN) paradigm.Int J Psychophysiol. 2011; 79: 311-315
- Reduced prepulse inhibition as an early vulnerability marker of the psychosis prodrome in adolescence.Schizophr Res. 2012; 134: 15
- Auditory P300 in high-risk, recent-onset and chronic schizophrenia.Schizophr Res. 2005; 77: 309-320
- White matter alterations related to P300 abnormalities in individuals at high risk for psychosis: An MRI-EEG study.J Psychiatry Neurosci. 36. 2011: 239-248
Article info
Publication history
Published online: October 31, 2014
Accepted:
September 19,
2014
Received in revised form:
September 18,
2014
Received:
April 18,
2013
Identification
Copyright
© 2015 Society of Biological Psychiatry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
