The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist ketamine is the most attractive antidepressant
therapy for treatment-resistant patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and
bipolar disorder (
1
,
2
). A single subanesthetic dose (.5 mg/kg) of ketamine produces a rapid antidepressant
effect in two thirds of these patients, which can last for over a week (
3
,
4
). However, biomarkers able to differentiate between responding and nonresponding
patients have yet to be identified (
3
,
5
).To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
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References
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- Rapid-acting glutamatergic antidepressants: The path to ketamine and beyond.Biol Psychiatry. 2013; 73: 1133-1141
- Relationship of ketamine’s plasma metabolites with response, diagnosis, and side effects in major depression.Biol Psychiatry. 2012; 72: 331-338
- Antidepressant efficacy of ketamine in treatment-resistant major depression: A two-site randomized controlled trial.Am J Psychiatry. 2013; 170: 1134-1142
- Human biomarkers of rapid antidepressant effects.Biol Psychiatry. 2013; 73: 1142-1155
- Connecting inflammation with glutamate agonism in suicidality.Neuropsychopharmacology. 2013; 38: 743-752
- Inflammation and its discontents: The role of cytokines in the pathophysiology of major depression.Biol Psychiatry. 2009; 65: 732-741
- The role of inflammatory cytokines in suicidal behavior: A systematic review.Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2013; 23: 1672-1686
- Targeting classical IL-6 signalling or IL-6 trans-signalling in depression?.Expert Opin Ther Targets. 2014; 18: 495-512
- Ketamine: Synaptogenesis, immunomodulation and glycogen synthase kinase-3 as underlying mechanisms of its antidepressant properties.Mol Psychiatry. 2013; 18: 1236-1241
Article Info
Publication History
Published online: July 08, 2014
Identification
Copyright
© 2015 Society of Biological Psychiatry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.