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Correspondence| Volume 72, ISSUE 7, e17, October 01, 2012

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Lithium and the Expanding Brain

Published:May 04, 2012DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.03.036
Lithium and the Expanding Brain
Previous ArticleReversed Frontotemporal Connectivity During Emotional Face Processing in Remitted Depression
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      I read with great interest the article by Vernon et al. (
      • Vernon A.C.
      • Natesan S.
      • Crum W.R.
      • Cooper J.D.
      • Modo M.
      • Williams S.C.
      • et al.
      Contrasting effects of haloperidol and lithium on rodent brain structure: a magnetic resonance imaging study with postmortem confirmation.
      Biol Psychiatry. 2012; 71: 855-863
      ) entitled, “Contrasting Effects of Haloperidol and Lithium on Rodent Brain Structure: A Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study with Postmortem Confirmation,” describing their elegant imaging and postmortem study that showed lithium-related increases and haloperidol-related decreases in whole brain and cortical gray matter volume in rats. Their inclusion of postmortem histological confirmation of in vivo brain volume imaging data is a significant advancement over previous human studies limited to imaging (
      • Bearden C.E.
      • Thompson P.M.
      • Dalwani M.
      • Hayashi K.M.
      • Lee A.D.
      • Nicoletti M.
      • et al.
      Greater cortical gray matter density in lithium-treated patients with bipolar disorder.
      Biol Psychiatry. 2007; 62: 7-16
      ,
      • Moore G.J.
      • Bebchuk J.M.
      • Wilds I.B.
      • Chen G.
      • Manji H.K.
      Lithium-induced increase in human brain grey matter.
      Lancet. 2000; 356: 1241-1242
      ,
      • Sassi R.B.
      • Nicoletti M.
      • Brambilla P.
      • Mallinger A.G.
      • Frank E.
      • Kupfer D.J.
      • et al.
      Increased gray matter volume in lithium-treated bipolar disorder patients.
      Neurosci Lett. 2002; 329: 243-245
      ).
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      References

        • Vernon A.C.
        • Natesan S.
        • Crum W.R.
        • Cooper J.D.
        • Modo M.
        • Williams S.C.
        • et al.
        Contrasting effects of haloperidol and lithium on rodent brain structure: a magnetic resonance imaging study with postmortem confirmation.
        Biol Psychiatry. 2012; 71: 855-863
        View in Article
        • Bearden C.E.
        • Thompson P.M.
        • Dalwani M.
        • Hayashi K.M.
        • Lee A.D.
        • Nicoletti M.
        • et al.
        Greater cortical gray matter density in lithium-treated patients with bipolar disorder.
        Biol Psychiatry. 2007; 62: 7-16
        View in Article
        • Moore G.J.
        • Bebchuk J.M.
        • Wilds I.B.
        • Chen G.
        • Manji H.K.
        Lithium-induced increase in human brain grey matter.
        Lancet. 2000; 356: 1241-1242
        View in Article
        • Sassi R.B.
        • Nicoletti M.
        • Brambilla P.
        • Mallinger A.G.
        • Frank E.
        • Kupfer D.J.
        • et al.
        Increased gray matter volume in lithium-treated bipolar disorder patients.
        Neurosci Lett. 2002; 329: 243-245
        View in Article
        • Phatak P.
        • Shaldivin A.
        • King L.S.
        • Shapiro P.
        • Regenold W.T.
        Lithium and inositol: effects on brain water homeostasis in the rat.
        Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2006; 186: 41-47
        View in Article

      Article info

      Publication history

      Published online: May 04, 2012

      Footnotes

      Please also see associated correspondence, http://dx.doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.04.007.

      Identification

      DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.03.036

      Copyright

      © 2012 Society of Biological Psychiatry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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      • Reply to: Lithium and the Expanding Brain
        Biological PsychiatryVol. 72Issue 7
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          We thank Dr. Regenold for his interest and comment on our recent article (1), in which we demonstrated that chronic lithium (Li) treatment increased both whole-brain volume and total cortical gray matter (GM) volume, relative to vehicle-treated controls, the latter effect being reversible upon drug withdrawal, confirmed postmortem (2). Dr. Regenold suggests the osmotic effects of Li (3) may provide a plausible explanation for the apparently transitory increases in cortical GM volume.
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