Abstract
Background
Individuals with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) frequently have other psychiatric
disorders. This study employed latent class analysis (LCA) to explore whether there
are underlying clinical constructs that distinguish “OCD-related” subgroups.
Methods
The study included 450 subjects, case and control probands and their first-degree
relatives, and LCA was used to derive empirically based subgroups of 10 disorders:
OCD, obsessive–compulsive personality disorder (OCPD), recurrent major depressive
disorder (RMDD), separation anxiety disorder, panic disorder or agoraphobia (PD/AG),
tic disorders (TD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), somatoform disorders (hypochondriasis
or body dysmorphic disorder), pathologic skin picking or nail biting (PSP/NB), and
eating disorders (EDs). The derived classes were compared on several clinical variables.
Results
The best fitting model is a four-class structure: minimal disorder, predominant RMDD
and GAD, “highly comorbid,” and PD/AG and TD. The nature and number of disorders represented
suggests that the first classes are distributed ordinally on a dimension of severity,
and the fourth class is qualitatively distinct. Support for this structure is based
on the number of disorders, age at onset of OCD, neuroticism, and extraversion.
Conclusions
In this OCD enriched sample, LCA identified four classes of disorder. These classes
appear to conform to two subgroups that may prove useful in investigating the etiology
of OCD.
Keywords
To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
Purchase one-time access:
Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online accessOne-time access price info
- For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
- For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'
Subscribe:
Subscribe to Biological PsychiatryAlready a print subscriber? Claim online access
Already an online subscriber? Sign in
Register: Create an account
Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect
References
- New look at the statistical model identification.IEEE Trans Autom Control. 1974; 19: 716-723
- The relationship of obsessive-compulsive disorder to possible spectrum disorders.Biol Psychiatry. 2000; 48: 287-293
- An empirical study of the classification of eating disorders.Am J Psychiatry. 2000; 157: 886-895
- Anxiety disorders and tic severity in juveniles with Tourette’s disorder.J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2000; 39: 562-568
- Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R). Professional manual. Psychological Assessment Resources, Odessa, FL1992
- The relationship of pathologic skin picking to obsessive-compulsive disorder.J Nerv Ment Dis. 2001; 189: 193-195
- DSM-III major depressive disorder in the community. A latent class analysis of data from the NIMH epidemiologic catchment area programme.Br J Psychiatry. 1989; 155: 48-54
- The Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale.Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1989; 46: 1006-1011
- The familial phenotype of obsessive-compulsive disorder in relation to tic disorders.Biol Psychiatry. 2001; 50: 559-565
- Similar and dissimilar manifestations of obsessive–compulsive neurosis in monozygotic twins.Am J Psychiatry. 1965; 121: 1171-1175
- The epidemiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder in five US communities.Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1988; 45: 1094-1099
- Comorbid psychiatric disorders in subjects with panic attacks.J Nerv Ment Dis. 1997; 185: 669-674
- Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children—Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL).J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1997; 36: 980-988
- The structure of common mental disorders.Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1999; 56: 921-926
- Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia—Lifetime Version Modified for the Study of Anxiety Disorders (SADS-LA).J Psychiatric Res. 1986; 20: 317-325
- Mplus User’s Guide. Muthen & Muthen, Los Angeles1998
- A family study of obsessive-compulsive disorder.Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2000; 57: 358-363
- The relationship between obsessive–compulsive disorder and anxiety and affective disorders.Psychol Med. 2001; 31: 481-487
- A family study of obsessive-compulsive disorder.Am J Psychiatry. 1995; 152: 76-84
- Structured Interview for DSM-IIIR Personality SIDP-R. University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa1989
- Epidemiology and genetics of obsessive–compulsive disorder.Int Rev Psychiatry. 1997; 9: 61-71
- Personality disorders and normal personality dimensions in obsessive-compulsive disorder.Br J Psychiatry. 2000; 177: 457-462
- Neurobiology of the obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders.Biol Psychiatry. 2000; 47: 296-304
- Typology of common psychiatric syndromes. An empirical study.Br J Psychiatry. 1998; 173: 312-319
- Latent class analysis of lifetime depressive symptoms in the national comorbidity survey.Am J Psychiatry. 1998; 155: 1398-1406
- The structure and stability of common mental disorders.Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2001; 58: 597-603
Article info
Publication history
Accepted:
August 22,
2002
Received in revised form:
August 13,
2002
Received:
May 14,
2001
Identification
Copyright
© 2003 Society of Biological Psychiatry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
