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Abstract
The sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) of young, drug-free, recurrently depressed outpatients
was analyzed for 2 nights and was compared to age-matched controls using a variety
of standard and computerizedmeasures of sleep activity. On the first night, young
depressives showed significantly greater difficulty in falling asleep and decreased
sleep efficiency. Sleep architecture differences between the young depressives and
controls were highlighted by increased percentages of Stage 2 sleep and major decreases
in Stages 3 and 4 (delta wave) sleep among the depressives, as indicated by either
period analyses or spectral analysis. The greatest differences in delta wave activity
during night I were found in the first two (non-rapid eye movement (NREM) periods
as measured by period analysis (NREM period 1, p < 0.04; NREM period 2, p < 0.001—taverage delta wave count) or by spectral analysis for the first 100 min of sleep
(0.5–2.0 Hz). In contrast to the NREM sleep findings, various REM variables, including
REM latency did not significantly distinguish the two subject groups for either night
1 or 2. Stepwise discriminant analysis demonstrated that night 1 sleep latency and
delta wave counts during the second NREM period correctly classified 100% of all 16
individuals studied. The only differences between the young depressed patients and
controls that remained on night 2 were significant reductions in slow-wave sleep as
quantified by the computerized methods. Taken together, these findings suggest that
the EEG response of young outpatients to the first night's stay in a sleep laboratory
may be a useful tool for the diagnosis of depression in this age group. In addition,
the use of computerized methods in this study point to an underlying deficit in delta
sleep waveforms as being a prominent feature of the sleep of young depressed subjects.
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Article info
Publication history
Received in revised form:
February 6,
1988
Received:
December 7,
1987
Footnotes
☆Supported in part by NIMH Grants MH-24652, MH-29618, (D.J.K., E.F.) and MH-30915, a grant from the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Research Network on the Psychobiology of Depression (D.J.K.), Grant AA-00098 and GCRC Grant RR-00833 (C.L.E.).
Identification
Copyright
© 1989 Published by Elsevier Inc.
